Puritan Ideals of Work and Play in Our World Today Essay Example for Free

Puritan Ideals of Work and Play in Our World Today Essay When Columbus landed in the New World in 1492, he changed the world forever. When the Puritans landed in the same New World, they changed the tides of America’s future everlastingly as well. They brought with them many ideas that are still being used today. The Puritan work ethic was a huge portion of the beliefs carried by the community; it was the idea that all members should strive to do as much as they could for the community, and all should work to gain God’s favor. The Puritans’ idea of duty before self-fulfillment was another evident notion every Puritan held. They believed that everyone should do their obligations first and foremost before anything else. The life of a puritan was full of hard work which was done willingly to gain the favor of God and of the community, and contained the concept of fulfilling each person’s individual responsibilities and then only partaking in activities which where self-fulfilling; in our modern society we volunteer and each member of the family is given duties to complete, similarly to the jobs the Puritans held 100’s of years ago. In the Puritan world everything revolved around God. He was the cornerstone for every action they took. For them, one way to get redemption from the sins that they had committed was to work and toil for God and the people around them. In the Puritan era people helped one another, not for the chance to gain a reward, but a chance to gain favor amongst themselves, strangers and God. As William Bradford states, â€Å"But when he grew weak, they had compassion on him and helped him,† this refers to the time when the new colonists helped the sick sailors who had brought them there (Bradford 21). They did this just for the sake of helping others and in doing so gained more of God’s favor. This work ethic inspired the generations of people who followed, and created the standards for American work ethic, which are still being used today. In modern day America, people volunteer at a variety of places to help the poor, needy or injured. My parents when they had just got married spent quite a while at an orphanage in India to help the poor kids there, and I actively volunteer at Mercy Medical to help the sick and injured. Neither my parents nor I had to do so, but it gave us a sense that we were benefiting our communities. Like us, many people in America and the world help others, making the world a better place with every helpful hand. Just as the puritans strived to do work, they also strived to do work which was necessary, even if they did not relish it. For instance when given the choice between trimming tree to make it look better, or helping the neighbor sow his crops, most Puritan’s would choose the later. They had the notion to do your duty first, and all else came afterwards. The Puritan’s believed that the woman of the household should be a good mother and wife first and all else came second. In the same household a man should be a good husband for his wife and a supportive father of his children. In the community, there is not one person who does not have some sort of duty. In Anne Bradstreet’s poem To My Dear and Loving Husband, she describes her love for her husband as his wife, â€Å"I prize thy love more than mines of gold or all the riches the East doth hold (Bradstreet 35). Bradstreet made it quite clear that she was a wife before anything else, being a poet came afterwards. Many of her other poems are about family and hers sense of duty toward them. Puritan’s strove to make their children’s lives better, and by being responsible they entailed their kid to do so as well. In modern day America, every member of the household has a specific task that they must do. An example of this is my family, where my parents both maintain their jobs, while tending to the household chores of cooking, cleaning, etc. while my brother and I both do our jobs of doing well in school, while helping our parents where we can. Whether Puritan or modern day American, or Indian in my case, the idea is the same, everyone has tasks they need to do to maintain a functioning household. The Puritan work ethic simply entails that, only after all the work that is needed to be finished is done, should a person partake in other activities or chores. In the Puritan lifestyle family was important; to maintain a good family all the members of it needed to be diligent of their du ties. When someone volunteers in today’s world they are doing more work to make their society better, when the Puritans did extra hard work they tried to make their community better, and to have a better standing with God. The Puritan’s also did their duty to the best of their ability, and each member of the family functioned together to get their work finished. Both the Puritans and Modern day Americans were partook in hard work and were consistent with their duties to improve their community, and make it a better place for all to live in. All we have to do is maintain these standards in the future, do you think we can?

Effects of Catalase Over-expression on Aging :: Biology Age

Introduction What exactly causes the infirmities of old age? According to the free-radical theory of aging, oxidative damage caused by ROS (reactive oxygen species) is the main culprit. This paper focuses on a study that partly supports this theory by showing that murine life span can be extended by an overexpression of human catalase in mitochondria. The specific paper that this is based on is Extension of Murine Life Span by Overexpression of Catalase Targeted to Mitochondria by Samuel E. Schriner et al. Another paper that was used in the construction of this paper is The Anti-Aging Sweepstakes: Catalase Runs for the ROSes by Richard A. Miller. These scientific papers are summaries of the experiments carried out by Schriner and his group dealing with the topic of catalase-overexpression and its effect on murine lifespan. However, it is important to remember that this is a topic still under much debate. Though these experiments do not provide us with a definat cureall for aging, it is believed by many that the data aquired from them point us to one of the major culprits of aging and age related diseases, ROS's. Why the fuss over R.O.S.? Attempts to prolong longevity have been a major endeavor in science and several hypotheses have been proposed about the major causes. Scientists have focused on the role of reactive oxygen species in longevity through investigations using mice models. Reactive oxygen species’ role in aging processes is also known as the free radical theory of aging. Scientists have found that reactive oxygen species attack molecules of biological systems and are the main cause for the functional decline of organ systems that lead to eventual death. Various experiments were conducted to investigate the role of reaction oxygen species using transgenic mouse models. Specifically, the purpose of these experiments are to determine if minimizing the level of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in certain organelles in mice have any effect on the overall health and lifespan of the mouse. The hypothesis was tested by amplifying a certain gene in mouse DNA that expresses catalase, an enzyme that breaks down the ROS’s. However, prior to beginning the experiments, transgenic mice are necessary for the experimentation. Development of a Transgenic Mouse A transgenic mouse is a mouse that has had a specific gene, in this case the human catalase gene, inserted into its genome.

Existentialism: Philosophy of Life and Existence Essay

â€Å"Existentialism is an attitude that recognizes the unresolvable confusion of the human world, yet resists the all-too-human temptation to resolve the confusion by grasping toward whatever appears or can be made to appear firm or familiar†¦The existential attitude begins a disoriented individual facing a confused world that he cannot accept. † (Robert Solomon) Existentialist all share a common concern with what they have coined as the â€Å"Human Condition. † They tend to ask: †¢Why am I here? †¢What does it mean to be human? †¢How should I go about living my life? Existentialism is more of individual rather than social. They, Existentialist need to justify their existence. For them, they’re having their journey in life to know their purpose based on their own philosophy, according to EDU310 Foundations of Learning. There is no predetermined definition or purpose. We are free to make our own definitions through choices that lead toward self-definition. Students are free agents, responsible for creating their own selves and purpose. Everything learned is a tool toward the realization of one’s own subjectivity. Standardized testing restricts the interpersonal relationship between teacher and student. Value-laden students are vital, as is authentic assessment. Therefore, Existentialism is a philosophy concerned with human existence, self-discovery, and the search for life’s meaning based on free will, experiences, beliefs, laws, and traditions. How does existentialism connect to Axiology and Metaphysics? (Branches of philosophy) In Education, Existentialism is very important, because as an Educator we should know each child’s life, existence and story behind their attitudes and characters, for us to become an effective educator, according to Bethel Jadem. For example, a child has a problem and suddenly changed his/her attitude; we have to know the reason behind it for us to understand him/her. We should know also their philosophy and belief in life so that we could better adjust, know and appreciate their existence as well. To show the connective thread between Axiology and existentialism and metaphysics and existentialism the terms need to first be defined. †¢Axiology is the study of value. It is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature and types of value such as in ethics and religion. (â€Å"What and why do you value? †) †¢Metaphysics is (â€Å"What is real? †) In connection to axiology, an example of existentialism is: According to EDU 301 Foundations of Learning, studying the ethics of the Christian and Jewish religions is an example of a study in axiology. Therefore, if a child growing up in a Christian home has strong beliefs about God he/she values her beliefs and therefore concludes that here existence is solely because of God. â€Å" There is a purpose for my existence, God will show me the way. † In connection to metaphysics, an example of existentialism is: Since â€Å"this† exists, that cannot exist. â€Å"John was walking (this) on water (that). † There is only knowledge of how, beyond what is given, so inferred to make the situation valid with natural cause. As a metaphysical example, if he could walk on water, maybe he had water in his shoes. There is also questions that go beyond what we know. Such as â€Å"is there a â€Å"first† cause? † Or is time â€Å"infinite†? Since we ourselves can have no observation of such truth, only inference based on given present events, it becomes Metaphysical.

Azacitidine are DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors - 641 Words

Azacytidine or 5 AZC Trade Name : Vidaza Introduction: Azacitidine are DNA Methyltransferase inhibitors. Azacitidine being an analog for cytidine gets integrated into the DNA sequence of the DNMT gene, the gene turns dysfunctional, inhibiting the DNA methyltransferase enzymes which normally methylate DNA. Azacitidine is used primarily for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes or MDS- a blood disorder which affects the bone marrow leading to a low or ineffective production of blood cells. The cancerous overgrowth of a number of immature cells or blasts and the abnormally developed or dysplastic cells increase, thereby reducing the cell count of normal red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Azacitidine as a chemotherapeutic drug (in low doses) prevents the body from making nucleic acids required for cell growth of the cancerous cells. This stops the growth of cancer cells and leads to cell death. Azacitidine also appears to help restore normal growth and differentiation (cell specialization) in the cells of the bone marrow. This betters the bone marrow production of normal blood cells. Discovery: Azacitidine was first synthesized by Piskala and Sorm in 1964 [Piskala A, Sorm F. (1964). Collect Czech Chem. Commun., 29: 2060-2076]. It was developed as a nucleoside antimetabolite specifically used for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (Cihak, 1974;Sorm et al., 1964). But studies later revealed that this drug inhibited cell mitosis with highShow MoreRelated5-Azacytidine is a Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents for Cancer1430 Words   |  6 PagesOverview 5-Azacytidine is a chemical analogue of cytidine, a nucleoside present in DNA and RNA with antineoplastic activity. It is sold under the brand name Vidaza. The drug was first synthesized in Czechoslovakia as potential chemotherapeutic agents for cancer. It is an inhibitor of DNA methylation and was approved by the US FDA for the treatment of Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in May 2004. MDS are diseases caused by abnormalities in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow, which result inRead MoreCancer Therapies And The Lack Of Effectiveness1254 Words   |  6 Pagestreatments, such as radiation, promote cancer growth. The use of natural products from microorganisms as anticancer therapies was developed in response to the urgent need of initiating more effective treatment options. Histone deacetylases (HBAC) inhibitors have exemplified strong potential, with three compounds approved by the FDA and several other undergoing clinical studies. Du et al. recently conducted a thorough study, describing the potential of a compound known as 1-alaninechlamydocin and itsRead MoreDiet Mediated And Transgenerational Epigenetic Effects1186 Words   |  5 Pages Martienssen, 2014). One recent study showed that children of obese fathers were at a higher risk of developing obesity themselves. The epigenetic marks of lean and obese men showed similar histone positioning between the two groups but differing DNA methylation patterns, notably in areas of the genome that control satiety. This finding implies that the epigenetic marks of human spermatozoa changed in response to environmental pressure, which in turn p ropagate obesity in future generations (Barrà ¨s

The United States Of The Declaration Of Independence

On July 4th, 1776 the American Colonists ratified The Declaration of Independence. This Declaration severed their final ties to England and idealized the formation of an equal society, independent of a corrupted centralized government like that of Britain. In order to accomplish this perfect nation, the Americans followed the Declaration with the creation of The Articles of Confederation. The Confederation s purpose was to guide the young republic to a decentralized government that upheld the Republican theory that the common people were in a constant pursuit for the general welfare of all. Nonetheless, with both documents placing the principles of equality and fear of authoritarian power at the center of the nation s identity, distinct social inequalities and issues of greed unveiled themselves. Due to such tyranny, at the end of the eighteenth century America reformed her republic with the institution of a federal constitution. Yet, the emergence of Hamilton’s Financial Pro gram and the Sedition Act from this reform led the society to segregation and wrought with the unequal distribution of power. Therefore, as the United States of America progressed it did not remain true to its revolutionary ideals of equality and government by the common people to foster a society based on civic virtue. Shortly after the colonists declared their independence in 1776, the perseverance of slavery in the American South revealed the reality that social equality was an unattainable ideal.Show MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of Independence By The United States1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe setting of the Declaration of Independence was the United States. It was declared on July 4, 1776. After the Boston tea party rebellion the United states wanted their independence. One will describe why the declaration of independence was written. What lead to the cause for writing such a document. The leaders who wrote the declaration. And what the colony was going through for it to lead to the circumstances. One will look at how England was treating the colonies that made them want to be theirRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States895 Words   |  4 Pageswere originally drafted. The U.S. Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, and Thomas Jefferson’s Letter to the Da nbury Baptist Church are three documents that are still hold relevance in today’s societal discussions. These three documents hold truths, principals and ideologies that were and are crucial to the continuation and the development of the United States. The very ideas and tribulations that led to the development of the United States are expressed loudly in these three documents. WhileRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States897 Words   |  4 Pages The Declaration of Independence stated the United States should be established as a country, free from British control, the U.S. Constitution is a set of rules for that nation to follow, and Mark Twain’s As Regards Patriotism examines how these two documents affect the mindset of this country. Groupthink, not a word use in 1900, when Twain penned his essay, but it is a good analogy of what he was discussing. Psychology Today says, â€Å"Groupthink occurs when a group values harmony and coherenceR ead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence : The United States1552 Words   |  7 Pageshappiness. This however was not always the case for the United States. It was once ruled by King George III, and the American people were under the control of the British Parliament. It is what the founding fathers of our country fought for, that made it possible for the United States to be what our country is today. This was only possible by their bravery and the creation of the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence was a document that was written by Thomas Jefferson, whoRead MoreThe United States Of The Declaration Of Independence1486 Words   |  6 Pagesthat took the lead on creating one of the first official American documents was the founding fathers. These men signed the Declaration of Independence from England in 1776. They were a group of very strong and independent men who were interested in the future of the country and its ability to stand on its own. Some of the most important men who signed the Declaration of Independence include: George Washington, John Adams, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, and JohnRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States1814 Words   |  8 PagesThe Declaration of Independence is the most imperative and most seasoned report in the United State History. The Declaration was drafted and marked to report our Declaration Of Independence from Great Britain, by saying, †Å" The United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free andRead MoreThe United States Declaration Of Independence836 Words   |  4 Pages The United States Declaration of Independence in 1776 expressed that all men are created equal, whose unalienable rights include life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness (The United States National Archives Records Administration, n.d.). Life is the sequence of physical and mental experiences that make up the existence of an individual (Merriam-Webster, 2015). That is to say, the barometer of the wellness and health of a person should include both his biological and psychological/behavioralRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States1844 Words   |  8 Pages The Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer under British rule. Instead they formed a new nation—the United States of America. John A dams was a leader in pushing for independence, which was unanimously approved on July 2. A committeeRead MoreThe United States And The Declaration Of Independence Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesTo continue Jefferson shows these same qualities of independence in the declaration of independence. He wanted the United States to have the freedom to govern itself. According to the author, â€Å"I set out on this ground which I suppose to be self-evident, that the earth belongs in usufruct to the living... We seem not to perceive that, by the law of nature, one generation is to another as one independent nation is to another†¦ The earth belongs always to the living generations,† (Jefferson 5). WhatRead MoreThe United States Declaration Of Independence1802 Words   |  8 PagesVirginia Convention instructs its Continental Congress delegation to propose a resolution of independence from Great Britain, paving the way for the United States Declaration of Independence. Also, in 1793 Diego Marà ­n Aguilera flies a glider for about 360 meters, at a height of 5–6 meters, during one of the first attempted manned flights. And in 1817 the first private mental health hospital in the United States, the Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of the Use of Their Reason (now Friends Hospital)

Society and Drug Use a Sociological Perspective - 2922 Words

In all societies, there are substances that are deemed as both not acceptable and acceptable for consumption. The laws today are a result of ever changing societal norms. Before a particular drug is discovered, it is not illegal; it simply exists in nature. When that substance is introduced into a society, it must be determined if its effects are in line with the societies morals which may be in large part regulated by the dominate religion. If it is proven to be beneficial to the society and abides by the social morals its use is largely unregulated. If an individual in that society that is not a part of the dominate religion uses an illegal substance, are they exhibiting deviant behavior or practicing their freedom of religion? Of†¦show more content†¦For example, the hippie or stoner stereotype that is placed on marijuana. These stereotypes often make their way into common language such as referring to someone as a crack-head, whether or not they use crack cocaine. Devian t behavior can actually be beneficial to society as it provides jobs for law enforcement, affirms cultural values and norms, clarifies moral boundaries, and responding to deviance brings people together (Macionis, 2009, p. 222-223). The Effect of Prohibition and Education on Drug Use Prohibition of substances has proven to be ineffective at lowering demand. For most of America’s history, both alcohol and cannabis (marijuana) were legal. During the prohibition of 1920, alcohol moved to the black market while leaving cannabis legal. This made drinking somewhat dangerous as there were now no controls on how it was produced and one may be stricken blind by gin that was prepared in a bathtub in an incorrect manner. The prohibition also allowed organized crime to capitalize on the demand of alcohol and in turn resulted in increased violence. As long as there is demand, someone will supply a product. The prohibition on alcohol was lifted in 1933 and on August 2, 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt signed the Marihuana Tax Act which enforced a new type of prohibition that is still in place (Fox, 2009, p. 49). Education of the dangers of using tobacco products resulted inShow MoreRelatedThe Sociological Paradigm Of Drugs And Drug Use1396 Words   |  6 PagesSocieties define both the meanings of drugs and drug experience, with the definitions differing radically among different societies as well as subcultures and subgroups within the same society. Social groups and cultures define what kind of drug taking is appropriate, for example, alcohol use might be seen as appropriate among one group and inappropriate among other groups, such as among women and men. They also define which drugs are acceptable and which are not. Society also spell out the socialRead MoreConnecting Sociological Theory and Social Issues765 Words   |  4 PagesConnecting Sociological Theory and Social Issues Drug abuse is a topic of sociological significance because it is all around our daily lives whether we want it to be or not. Drug abuse today can influence or impact our family, community, and the economic and political life. Whether the drugs that are being abused are prescribed or recreational it can lead to bad consequences that the abuser may not have intentionally caused. It is also an important aspect to social life which sociologists canRead MoreAubrey Longfield. 2/11/16. Soc 102. Chapter One: Thinking1414 Words   |  6 Pagesthat someone has in society. Second that problems are recognized either through the things we see, or through things we hear through the media (radio, television, newspapers etc.). Some subjective elements of social problems are that: the issue is harmful to either society as whole, or a particular group within society, and change needs to occur. Ultimately, a social problem is â€Å"A social problem is a social condition that a segment of society vie ws as harmful to members of society and in need of remedyRead MoreTheories on Crime1253 Words   |  5 Pagescriminal behavior. Some of the major theories on crime include classical, positivist, individual trait, sociological, and integrated theories. Sociological Crime Theories: The sociological crime theories emerged from attempts by criminologists and sociologists in their evaluation of criminal behavior and other elements of criminal justice systems (Reid, 2008, p.96). However, the sociological theories and crime have contributed to the emergence of much disagreement because of the complicationsRead MoreThe And Its Effects On The Young Adult Population Of Lebanon972 Words   |  4 Pages Friends told me that mixing it with water would be the safest way to take it. Others heavily insisted that snorting leads to a better high. Weighed down by all the pressure and hype, I listened to them and snorted the drug. MDMA, or its generic term ‘Molly’, was not a common drug in Lebanon. It was hard to get your hands on and would lead to severe punishment if caught with the substance in possession. Surprisingly, the consequences were more dire culturally than they were legally. Contrary to manyRead MoreBriefly Outline the Distinctive Features of the Soc iological Approach to Understanding Human Life and the Illustrate How You Would Use Sociology to Make Sense of Globalisation.1554 Words   |  7 Pagesabout society. Instead it becomes a form of consciousness, a way of thinking, a critical way of seeing the world. It welcomes you to challenge the obvious, to question the world as it is taken for granted and to de-familiarising the familiar. This is what empowers critical thinking which triggers the development of the understanding of the human life. The aim of this essay is to outline the sociological approach to understanding human life , to explore the different sociological perspectives , toRead MoreCity of God949 Words   |  4 PagesThough my perspective vastly varies from that of sociological theorists, I think we can both conclude that this movie is an extreme representation as to what can occur when society shuns away disadvantaged youths to a place that lacks justice as well as ethical and moral responsibilities. Sociol ogical perspectives regarding crime emphasize the interconnections between conformity and deviance in different social contexts (cite). In the following paper I will attempt to analyze three sociological theoriesRead MoreSubstance Abuse : A Social Problem1608 Words   |  7 Pagesinto consideration because it is all too often neglected. According to the World Health Organization, substance abuse â€Å"refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs† (Substance). Individuals who become victims of substance abuse become dependent on and overindulge in substances such as drugs and alcohol. The outside forces in our world today influence behaviors including substance abuse, ultimately displaying the connection between social structureRead MoreDrug Abuse And The Unwinnable War1462 Words   |  6 PagesDrug Abuse and the Unwinnable War Drugs are not a new thing by any means and have been commonplace in most cultures at one point or another. Throughout the known history of the world humans have used drugs to provide mind and mood altering experiences. Evidence of the production of alcohol can be traced back to the description of a brewery in an Egyptian papyrus as early as 3500 B.C (Fort, J. 1969). On a seemingly primal level, humans have always had some incessant need to alter their state of consciousnessRead MoreChemically Impaired Nurses1052 Words   |  5 Pagesnurses have substance abuse problems. Substance abuse is defined as using excessive amounts of drugs or alcohol beyond their specified purpose. I chose to research this particular social problem because it concerns me that so many individuals are choosing to enter the nursing field to specifically help or care for the well-being of others, but are putting lives in danger by working under the influence of drugs and alcohol. Nurses handle, measure, and ad minister most of the medication given to hospitalized

Essay Example Licensing in fashion industry Example For Students

Essay Example: Licensing in fashion industry What is the meaning of licensing agreement? The verb to license is synonymous of give permission. A licensing agreement is an authorization to use licensed material granted by a party named: Licensor to another party called: Licensee. This is a contract between this two parties. The purpose of a licensing agreement is the authorized use of the licensees trademark, by the licensee, specified in the terms of the contract. We know two different types of licensing based in the use of common trademarks or famous trademarks. The Licensing in fashion industries is based in the use of famous brands such us Airman, Dolce Cabana, Pravda and other mansion. A license under intellectual property has several components such us: ?+ Term ?+ Auditing: quality control monitoring ?+ Advertising and other costs connected to promotion ?+ Exclusivity ?+ Termination: Renewal ?+ Infringement: Litigation The assignment of a license often depends on specific contractual terms. The licensing agreement is only applicable for a particular geographic region, Just for a certain period of time or barely for a stage in the value chain. L 1. Advantages of a licensing agreement. When a society decides to put in place a licensing agreement must assess what are the benefits that will arise from the relationship between Licensor and Licensee. ?+ Advantages for Licensor: as in all the contract is important to have a return. A licensing agreement is useful to enlarge the societys geographic market; to decentralized and differentiate the offer in order to reduce the business risks; to increase the recognition, popularity and fame of her core brands, giving the same image of trademark in each store and in all points of sales; financial benefits in remarry market due to positive feedback in licensees products and in secondary market because of royalties in licensees sales. ?+ Advantages for Licensee: industrial benefits in order to increase the range of licensees products by making them more recognizable by supporting low costs to rise trademark distinctiveness. . 3 terms of the contract. A successful brand licensing requires a planned strategy: ?+ to determine core brands values in order to use them in the new category of products. ?+ to identify the level of differentiation desired. ?+ the achievement of leverage in the new category of products/services. . 4 several risks for the parties. One of the risks for licensor is due to the lack of monetary return: Royalties. But the major risk is the loss of control regarding the uniqueness of the brand (the customer feel inaccessible the trademarks products). The licensees product are always not in line with the concept of trademark, so its value is blurred. The market confusion regarding the change of the trademarks strategic position that cause the disorientation of loyal costumer. The risk of lower quality of licensees products than the quality of licensees services, that bring consumers to Judge products not good enough to be acquired. The high cost of license agreement. The impossibility to have enough time and business to recoup the investments. The risk of management of unsold goods and inventories. The licensor and the licensee must discuss about the licensing agreement in order to decrease the risks. There are many clauses which the parties can establish to better define the terms of the contract in order to ameliorate the performance. The subject of the major clauses regards the fees beyond royalties, sub-licenses and the costs connected with promotion and advertising of trademarks products. The base of a good licensing agreement is the correct and clear information about the firm: its value, positioning and the quality of its image. 1. Rules about Licensing agreement in USA. The Layman act 1125: the mistake caused by any people who in commerce uses any word, name, symbol or the combination of both similar to another recognizable trademark could be liable in a civil action. According to the Layman act 1064 a petition to cancel a registration of trademark may be changed at any time if the trademark is used by the registrant or with his permission so as to misrepresent the reso urce of goods or services in connection with which the mark is used. 3 1. 6 Licensing agreement in European law. .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5 , .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5 .postImageUrl , .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5 , .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5:hover , .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5:visited , .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5:active { border:0!important; } .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5:active , .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5 .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u15d5653400dc268e5ac1ec932cd41ea5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parisienne Fashion and Impressionism EssayArt 51 the rights of the owner of a community trademark must be revoked, the licensee is liable to misrepresent the public. Both in USA and in EX. the licensee run two typologies of risks: ?+ common repairs ?+ cancellation As we said in the first part of the essay the licensor has an economic advantage to defend the power and recognition of the trademark but he has also a Juridical interest not to lose the registration of trademark. 4 1. 7 How to defend the trademark. The licensor has two possibilities to preserve his trademark. Ђ?+ Ex ante he can includes in the licensing agreement clauses about monitoring and inspecting the q uality and the standards of the services provided. Licensees purpose and licensees interest must be aliened. ?+ Ex post the licensor could act against the licensee if he did not respect the contract (like the quality of the service) or if he forged the trademark. 2. 1 The brand Licensing. Introduction. The license agreement relates to a right granted by a permit, if there is not this authorization the use of the mark is an illegal act. The license agreement must not be confused with a permit that relates to a license for a shorter period of time. The brand licensing deals with the granting of licenses by those who own the trademark to those who are interested (individuals or companies) to use them in the production of the products, over a period of time and in a defined territory. The brand licensing, especially in the fashion industry, is used to extend own brands to products of an entirely different nature. The licensor has the advantages such as: being able to choose the products to be sold under license and authorize the sale of prototypes ND choose the best licensee. The benefits in a license agreement also concern the licensee, he may increase his market power by strengthening the brand through brand recognition, increase its sales going to extend the range of audiences served, develop models and sell them in special shops. Enter into a contract brings benefits to both of the parties: the licensee must paid periodically (monthly, semi-annually depending on terms of the contract signed by both parties) royalties to the licensor. And the licensee has a return on sales and investments with the exploitation of licensor s trademark. Most of the major Italian fashion industries enters into licensing agreements for ancillary products, such as perfumes, sunglasses, watches (an example is that of D or Airman) or for the production of knitwear, such as Ralph Lauren. The fashion licensing is the most widespread among the license agreements between industries. As we said before it mostly concerns the dissemination of products relating to health and beauty, accessories, clothing and household products. N some cases the brand owner decides to license the production, distribution and marketing of its core apparel categories, in other cases, he designer of the brand identifies specific categories that can be licensed by extending the brand into areas other than those of clothing. The licensor maintains strict control over the quality and the design. 2. 2 Airman case a practical example. We can see a practical example with the license agreement signed in 2011 between Airman and Ululation for the production and distribution of prescription frames and sunglasses. The Airman Group has decided not to renew the licensing agreement with Safari, expiring on December 31, 2012, in favor of Ululation. The licensing agreement with Ululation, anticipated with the signing of a letter of intent basis, in November 2011, for a ten-year exclusive license agreement for the design, production and distribution worldwide for collections of sunglasses and prescription eye-wear under the Giorgio Airman, Emporium Airman and a / X from 2013. .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4 , .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4 .postImageUrl , .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4 , .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4:hover , .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4:visited , .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4:active { border:0!important; } .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4:active , .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4 .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6e4d6d685b3579f4071da78895d128f4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fashion Film EssayAfter ten years of intense collaboration with Safari the Airman group decides not to renew the contract, a serious loss in the short period (150-200 million euros) for Safely that is certain to recover it in the long term thanks to licensing agreements with Polo Ralph Lauren ND Cline. Andrea Gouger, CEO of Ululation says: Back in 1988 Giorgio Airman and Ululation started a very successful Journey together: together we changed the world of eyeglasses which, previously perceived as mere functional instruments, evolved into aware and into indispensable fashion accessories. Airman is eponymous of excellence of Made in Italy and represents values which are perfectly in line with ours. We are therefore excited to work together again, in a partnership that will for sure be mutually beneficial, The market had already understood the impending ivories between Airman and Safely, favoring an agreement with Ululation who previously collaborated with the Group from 1988 to 2003, a long collaboration that led to explode the sunglasses and eyeglasses sector, making the glasses a real fashion accessory. The non-renewal of the license agreement between Airman and Ululation in 2003 was a surprise analyzing the close cooperation and sharing of innovative ideas between the two entrepreneurs. 2. 3 Michael Koru case a practical example. With this example we may analyze the key parts of the license agreement, between Michael Koru and P. R. China, which can often be considered common to all licensing agreements in the world of fashion industry regarding the manufacturing of the products.